Addij Vujid
| DATE | Oct 2023 |
| RELATED |
Guide to Kroma Zhavise language Nawdd Vuwcid language |
Addij Vujid (a-zhish voo-shid, literally "Bay Vuwcid) is a descendant of Nawdd Vuwcid ("Mountain Vuwcid"), spoken in the north and east of Shungvales and heavily influenced by Zhavise settlers. While still generally mutually intelligible, a considerable number of zhavise words have been integrated fully into Addij Vujid that have either been given their own Nawdd Vuwcid word or are still considered loanwords in Nawdd Vuwcid. Traditional Nawdd Vuwcid speakers consider Addij Vujid to be very lazy and dumbed down, while Addij Vujid speakers see the traditional language as overly posh.
Phonology
Addij has lost the pocket vowel system of Nawdd and simplified the vowel soundset, as well as introducing the x and ʃ sounds from Zhavise.
| NAWDD VUWCID | → | ADDIJ VUJID | ||
| LETTER | SOUND | LETTER | SOUND | |
| k | k | → | g | g |
| c | tʃ | → | j | ʃ |
| n | n | → | n | n |
| nn | ñ | → | nn | n: |
| d | d | → | t | t |
| dd | dʒ | → | dd | ʒ |
| r | ɹ | → | r | x |
| w | w | → | x | x |
| No sound changes: | ||||
| m | m | → | m | m |
| p | p | → | p | p |
| b | b | → | b | b |
| t | t | → | t | t |
| l | l | → | l | l |
| s | s | → | s | s |
| f | f | → | f | f |
| v | v | → | v | v |
| NAWDD VUWCID | → | ADDIJ VUJID | ||
| LETTER | SOUND | LETTER | SOUND | |
| i | i/ɪ | → | i | i/ɪ |
| iw | ɥ | → | iw/u | ju:/u |
| uw | u | → | u | u: |
| u/a | ʊ/æ | → | a | æ |
| o/aw | ɔ/ɒ | → | o | ɔ |
| oi | ɔɪ | → | oy | ɔɪ |
| e | ε | → | e | ε |
| y | i/j | → | y | i:/j |
Pronouns
Addij has dropped the extensive age-related pronoun system in favour of a simpler system.
| SUBJECT | OBJECT | REFLEXIVE | |
| 1st person (single) | val | von | vidde |
| 1st person (plural) | ju | sin | sadde |
| 2nd person | gaye | gon | gidde |
| 3rd person | saye | son | sodde |
Possessives are formed using the viw ("at") construction: the noun at owner. The noun must be accomapanied by the definite article. These possessives can be left out if the context is obvious, eg. oatrin adda "open mouth" instead of oatrin f' adda vugaye "open your mouth"
| POSSESSIVE | EXAMPLE | |
| 1st person (single) | vuval | fa ju vuval, "my bird" |
| 1st person (plural) | vuju | fa ju vuju, "our bird" |
| 2nd person | vugaye | fa ju vugaye, "your bird" |
| 3rd person | vuso | fa ju vuso, "their bird" |
Verbs
Verbs are separated into three categories: non-phsyical ("to be"), vague physical ("to have"), and actual physical ("to sing"). Each verb category has a different conjugation ruleset. All verbs conjugate according to subject.
|
NON-PHYSICAL rati "to be" |
VAGUE PHYSICAL jupin "to have" |
ACTUAL PHYSICAL eddolig "to sing" |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| val | ratab | val | jupib | val | eddolab |
| ju | ratinn | ju | jupinn | ju | eddoalinn |
| gaye | rato | gaye | jupyo | gaye | eddolo |
| saye | ratib | saye | jupid | saye | eddoloy |
| MARKER | TENSE | EXAMPLE |
| none | present | val ratab, "I am" |
| at | future | val ratab at, "I will be" |
| yit | past | val ratab yit, "I was" |
| apt | imperative | rati apt, "be!" |
| iddat | future past | val ratab iddat, "I will have been" |
| iddot | past perfect | val ratab iddot, "I had been" |
| adde | present progressive | val ratab adde, "I am being" |
Nouns
Nouns have two genders, "high" and "low". Addij has lost the two separate indefinite articles and uses od for both high and low nouns.
- od - indefinite article (o' before consonant)
od addij, a bay
o' tuli, a cat - ef - high definite article (e' before consonant)
ef agoy, the mist
e' bol, the fish - fa - low definite article (f' before vowel)
fa tuju, the farmland
f' isun, the n
Plurals do not change according to gender, unlike Nawdd.
- -il - plural, eg juil, "birds"; tulil, "cats"
Adjectives
Adjectives do not need to agree with high nouns, unlike Nawdd. To make up for this, Addij adjectives are usually prefaced by a new v- or vu- prefix, derived from the same construction as possessive pronouns.
| ADJECTIVE | NAWDD VUWCID | ADDIJ VUJID |
| "good" |
annin odd anniwn faw, "a good morning" od annin ciw, "a good bird" |
annin o' vannin fo, "a good morning" o' vannin ju, "a good bird" |
| "big" |
ipad odd ipadd apanoi, "a big tower" od ipad tuwly, "a big cat" |
ipad o' vipad atoxado*, "a big tower" o' vipad tuli, "a big cat" |
When describing yourself or a person, you do not use adjectives. Instead, you say that you have a characteristic:
- od vipad tuli, "a big cat"
- BUT: val jupib ipa, "I am tall" (literally "I have tall height").
- ef vannun pidd, "the good name"
- BUT: gaye jupyo annina, "you are good" (literally "you have goodness").
State Markers
Addij does not retain regular use of Nawdd Vuwcid's state markers. Only the question je (derived from cy) and hypothetical so remain in daily conversation. The positive marker ro has seen continued use in comedy or advertising.
Je must be placed at the beginning of every question to turn a statement into a question, similar to Japanese ka.
Example sentences
-
English: The cat stole my dinner
Addij Vujid: fa tuli igalo yit fa vavyu* vuval
Nawdd Vuwcid: ofa tuwly ikkaloi oit ofa epa viwvly
Transliteration: the cat steal past the dinner at-me -
English: Stop asking me to dance
Addij Vujid: naddalo apt e gaye ixino** von luvig
Nawdd Vuwcid: naddalo apt ep kyo abuddiyo von luvik
Transliteration: you-stop imperative that you ask/request me to-dance -
English: The cold will kill unprepared people.
Addij Vujid: od boya ddalig at gavuplej sayil
Nawdd Vuwcid: odd rbuoa ddalik aot kaplyc syovol
Transliteration: the cold kill future negative-prepare person-plural
** from the Zhavise ingin